Thursday, November 19, 2009

outline of context of 70~present

70's 


American Cultural History 

http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html


-change of politics along with radical movement_The chaotic events of the 60's, including war and social change, seemed destined to continue in the 70's.  Major trends included a growing disillusionment of government, advances in civil rights, increased influence of the women's movement, a heightened concern for the environment, and increased space exploration.  Many of the "radical" ideas of the 60's gained wider acceptance in the new decade, and were mainstreamed into American life and culture.  Amid war, social realignment and presidential impeachment proceedings, American culture flourished.  Indeed, the events of the times were reflected in and became the inspiration for much of the music, literature, entertainment, and even fashion of the decade. Seventies art reflected a slowing and refinement of some of the avant-garde trends prominent in the sixties, and hippies culture/fashion was mainstream in Seventies.(see how it matches with costume in children books.)


-Social status of minority_People from Third World countries came to this country in search of economic betterment or to escape political repression.  Women, minorities, and  gays increasingly demanded full legal equality and privileges in society.  Women expanded their involvement in politics.  Affirmative action became a controversial policy as minorities and women asserted their rights to jobs and quality education.


-Edu_During this decade, the nation saw intense conflict over issues such as busing and affirmative action. It also saw the adoption of significant pieces of civil rights legislation covering women and people with disabilities in educational institutions. Concern over apparently dropping test scores and over the quality of American education began to grow.

*reference to Benjamin Spock's revolutionary message to mothers (A pediatrician, author, and social reformer whose permissive philosophy in his influential book, The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, was blamed for a wide range of social problems in the 1970's.)

http://www.drspock.com/about/drbenjaminspock/0,1781,,00.html

http://salempress.com/store/samples/seventies_in_america/seventies_in_america_education_in_the_united_states.htm






Newbery Award Winners(Many of the books published in the 70's revolved around a general theme of man's alienation from his spiritual roots)


1970: Sounder by William H. Armstrong

1971: Summer of the Swans by Betsy Byars 

1972: Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH by Robert C. O'Brien

1973: Julie of the Wolves by Jean Craighead George

1974: The Slave Dancer by Paula Fox

1975: M. C. Higgins, the Great by Virginia Hamilton

1976: The Grey King by Susan Cooper

1977: Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor 

1978: Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson

1979: The Westing Game by Ellen Raskin  


Caldecott Award Winners


1970: Sylvester and the Magic Pebble by William Steig

1971: A Story A Story, retold and illustrated by Gail E. Haley 

1972: One Fine Day, retold and illustrated by Nonny Hogrogian  

1973: The Funny Little Woman, illustrated by Blair Lent; text: retold by Arlene Mosel 

1974: Duffy and the Devil, illustrated by Margot Zemach; retold by Harve Zemach

1975: Arrow to the Sun by Gerald McDermott

1976: Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People's Ears, illustrated by Leo & Diane Dillon; text: retold by Verna Aardema

1977: Ashanti to Zulu: African Traditions, illustrated by Leo & Diane Dillon; text: Margaret Musgrove

1978: Noah's Ark by Peter Spier

1979: The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble  





1980’s


President Ronald Reagan (1981~1988) 


-Individual success(individualism) is major goal for the people_Me! Me! Me! generation of status seekers. If you've got it, flaunt it and you can 

have it all! people were more interested in status, power, and money than at any time during the past 15 years.  Richest people(business people) are main characters operating the world.

-shopping became a way of life_called "splurge generation"

-Technology developed in the eighties along with the increased users of computer.  

-Violent crime rates increased. 

-Families changed drastically during these years- more divorces, more unmarrieds living together, more single parent families. The two-earner family was even more common than in previous decades, more women earned college and advanced degrees, married, and had fewer children.(How this social issues influence on children? and how many children books deal with the lost of family or lack of love from parents?) 


-American was reading a lot. many copies of books came out.

-Efforts to censor books tripled in the eighties. 

-Kids were used to do after school activities like sport(especially), music, and dance.

 


Newbery Award Winner - Began in 1922 (most distinguished children's book of the previous year)
1980: A Gathering of Days: A New England Girl's Journal, 1830-1832 by Joan W. Blos
1981: Jacob Have I Loved by Katherine Paterson
1982: A Visit to William Blake's Inn: Poems for Innocent and Experienced Travelers by Nancy Willard
1983: Dicey's Song by Cynthia Voigt
1984: Dear Mr. Henshaw by Beverly Cleary
1985: The Hero and the Crown by Robin McKinley
1986: Sarah, Plain and Tall by Patricia MacLachlan
1987: The Whipping Boy by Sid Fleischman
1988: Lincoln: A Photobiography by Russell Freedman
1989: Joyful Noise: Poems for Two Voices by Paul Fleischman  

Caldecott Award Winner - Began in 1938 (most distinguished children's picture book of the previous year) 

1980: Ox-Cart Man, illustrated by Barbara Cooney; text: Donald Hall

1981: Fables by Arnold Lobel 

1982: Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg

1983: Shadow, translated and illustrated by Marcia Brown; original text in French: Blaise Cendrars

1984: The Glorious Flight: Across the Channel with Louis Bleriot by Alice & Martin Provensen

1985: Saint George and the Dragon, illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman; text: retold by Margaret Hodges

1986: The Polar Express by Chris Van Allsburg

1987: Hey, Al, illustrated by Richard Egielski; text: Arthur Yorinks

1988: Owl Moon, illustrated by John Schoenherr; text: Jane Yolen 

1989: Song and Dance Man, illustrated by Stephen Gammell; text: Karen Ackerman  



90s


President George Bush(1988~1992)

President Bill Clinton(1992~2001)


-In 1994, Republicans won a majority in Congress for the first time in forty years for the promise to reshape government by decentralizing federal authority, giving states more control over taxes, and social programs like welfare system for family and children. 


-electronic age and the world wide web was born in 1992, changing the way we communicate, spend our money, and do business. The internet has had a huge influence on products with almost every design company having a presence on the web. The biggest trend in book selling during the 1990s included online bookstores and publishers like amazon.com. Mega-bookstores like Borders or Barnes and Noble drove the small specialized bookstores out of business.

Even reading entire books online became available through websites. 

Television  graced 98% of the households in the U.S. in 1998 with the average viewer spending seven hours a day watching 'the tube'.


-Gulf war broke out in 1993 by Sadam Husein. The decade was to end much as it began with U.S. forces deployed in many countries, and the U.S. playing arbitrator, enforcer, and peace keeper throughout the world. 



-corruption_Violence and sex scandals dominated the media(ex:President Bill Clinton's sexual misconduct) Many crimes and big events were committed in this decade. 

V


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dV-The Elementary and Secondary Education Act,(No Child Left Behind) provided assistance to disadvantaged students or pupils with limited proficiency in English.(how this educational politics are reflected on the children's book?)



Newbery Award Winners - Begun in 1922 (most distinguished children's book of the previous year)

1990: Number the Stars by Lois Lowry
1991: Maniac Magee by Jerry Spinelli
1992: Shiloh by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor
1993: Missing May by Cynthia Rylant
1994: The Giver by Lois Lowry
1995: Walk Two Moons by Sharon Creech
1996: The Midwife's Apprentice by Karen Cushman
1997: The View from Saturday by E.L. Konigsburg
1998: Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse
1999: Holes by Louis Sachar  

Caldecott Award Winners - Begun in 1938 (most distinguished children's picture book of the previous year)

1990:Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China by Ed Young
1991: Black and White by David Macaulay
1992: Tuesday by David Wiesner
1993: Mirette on the High Wire by Emily Arnold McCully
1994: Grandfather's Journey by Allen Say; text: edited by Walter Lorraine
1995: Smoky Night, illustrated by David Diaz; text: Eve Bunting
1996: Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann
1997: Golem by David Wisniewski
1998: Rapunzel by Paul O. Zelinsky
1999: Snowflake Bentley, Illustrated by Mary Azarian; text by Jacqueline Briggs Martin  


 2000

President George W. Bush                                                                                            President Barack Obama

-The era of Globalization_unprecedented global economic and cultural integration

-Intellectual property is important_ The increasing popularity of digital formats for entertainment media such as movies and music, and the ease of copying and distributing it via the Internet and peer-to-peer networks, has raised concerns in the media industry about copyright infringement. (might not talk about it..)  

-I'll say this time is in panic because..

    -Digital technology gave plenty of information and entertainment, though concerns about stress and anti-sociality from the overuse of digital media like cell phones and internet remains controversial.

   -War and Terrorism_As the Cold War was over and terrorism said to be on the rise, the US allies turned their attention to the Middle East. US declared an Iraq war on terrorism.

    -There were natural disasters all over the world (ex:Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans on August 29, 2005).

    -disease like AIDS, tuberculosis, SARS, bird flu mutations, swine flu in Mexico is spread all over the world. 

    -divorce and abortion rate increased. people are irresponsible. 

    -economic crisis continues in America

-Parody of political figures_People are making satire joke about previous president Bush. Some people almost worship president Obama        

                                                                                                                                               -                                       -   


-Caldecott Medal Books in 2000~ 2009

2000:Joseph Had a little Overcoat, written and illustrated by Simms Taback          2001:So You Want to be President? illustrated by David Small                                             2002:The Three Pigs by David Wiesner                                                                    2003:My Friend Rabbit by Eric Rohmann                                                                 2004:The Man Who Walked Between the Towers by Mordicai Gerstein                        2005:Kitten's First Full Moon by Kevin Henkes                                                                      2006:The Hello, Goodbye Window illustrated by Chris Raschka                                         2007:Flotsam by David Wiesner                                                                                             2008:The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick                                                          2009:House in the Night illustrated  by Beth Krommes

-There are many experimental children books published like touch and feel books, pop-up books, parody books of traditional story, and others with mixed medium. 


   *** I need to trim it in more organized style with more supporting texts. Now it seems like it has overwhelming amount of political background rather than its relation to the children literature.. time to clean things out~  



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